Background: Mitochondrial calcium overload triggers permeability transition pore formation, fatty acid release, and necrotic cell death.

Background: This work explores proteins participating in trophoblastic cell fusion.

Background: Mechanical stimuli such as shear stress regulate endothelial cell (EC) function.

Background: Stil is a human oncogene that is involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Background: In yeast, glucose is sensed by two cell surface glucose sensors.

Background: Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) promotes various aspects of oncogenesis, including cell survival.

Background: Wnt signaling plays an important role in somatic cell reprogramming.

Background: Endothelial cell tumors are the most common soft tissue tumor in infants.

Background: Hydroxycarbamide treatment may inhibit the proadhesive features of vascular endothelium in sickle cell disease.

Background: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and βarrestins have been shown to regulate cell motility.

Background: The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway has a non-apoptotic role in cell differentiation.

Background: Surface CD157 modulates leukocyte and ovarian cancer cell adhesion and migration through the interaction with an unknown ligand.

Background: CD81-associated tetraspanins influence the invasive and metastatic processes of various cancer cell types.

In order to infect host plants, fungal and oomycete plant pathogens must overcome highly effective, constitutive physical and chemical barriers to pathogen ingress. They must avoid inducing additional host defences, and they must deploy mechanisms for obtaining from the plant the nutrients they need for growth and reproduction. Successful pathogens employ a range of infection strategies most of which include the key steps of adhesion to the plant surface, location of optimal penetration sites, penetration of the plant surface and acquisition of nutrients from the plant cells. Recent studies have greatly increased our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the infection process and we now have more information on the nature of pathogen adhesives, on the role of the cytoskeleton in hyphal growth and differentiation and on signalling molecules that regulate the development and function of a variety of specialised infection structures. Advances in technologies that allow broad scale gene discovery and determination of gene function are also bringing with them an explosion in our knowledge of genes and proteins involved in plant infection. In this chapter, these new data are reviewed in the context of our understanding of the cell biology of the infection process...

Taxol (generic name paclitaxel) is a microtubule-stabilizing drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, as well as Kaposi's sarcoma. It is used off-label to treat gastroesophageal, endometrial, cervical, prostate, and head and neck cancers, in addition to sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Paclitaxel has long been recognized to induce mitotic arrest, which leads to cell death in a subset of the arrested population. However, recent evidence demonstrates that intratumoral concentrations of paclitaxel are too low to cause mitotic arrest and result in multipolar divisions instead. It is hoped that this insight can now be used to develop a biomarker to identify the ∼50% of patients that will benefit from paclitaxel therapy. Here I discuss the history of paclitaxel and our recently evolved understanding of its mechanism of action.

Background: The somatic cell reprogramming factors do not always induce pluripotency.

Background: CTLA-4 is an essential regulator of T cell immune responses with unusual intracellular trafficking.

Background: RSK2 alters cell migration and metastasis, but the mechanism is incompletely understood.

Background: GAAPs regulate intracellular Ca2+ fluxes, cell migration, and apoptosis.

Background: Nicotine promotes the proliferation of human squamous cell lung cancer (SCC-L) via the α7-nicotinic receptor (nAChR).